The Canadian government has just reintroduced long-awaited First Nations drinking water legislation, tabling Bill C-37 in the House of Commons in June.

The proposed First Nations Clean Water Act replaces Bill C-61, landmark legislation that was co-developed with First Nations but ultimately died when Parliament was prorogued in early 2025.

The former Bill C-61 was a product of meaningful co-development, shaped through years of engagement grounded in recognition of First Nations' rights. It explicitly affirmed access to clean and safe drinking water as a human right and reflected a collaborative approach between First Nations and the federal government.

By contrast, Bill C-37 is a potential step back. In its current form, it would weaken key legal provisions, particularly those related to rights and governance. 

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